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Massage ABC 关于按摩
1. IndicationRange in Healthcare Massage
2. Contraindications in Healthcare Massage
3. Introduction of Massage
4. Commonly Used Acupoints
一、保健按摩的适应范围
二、保健按摩的禁忌证
三、按摩简介
四、常用穴位
Training School Certificate Test Venue
培 训 学 校 考 证 地 点
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1. IndicationRange in Healthcare Massage
Anybody healthy can be adaptive object for healthcare massage. Even if have some minor disease not too serious, still can receive healthcare massage, but should note to rule out the contraindications narrated behind.
The people following are especially suitable to receive healthcare massage: Tired travelers, professional sportsmen, amateur sportsmen and workout fanciers, businessmen, administrators, etc mental workers with intense work, people who have beauty care and body-building demands, people who pay attention to life quality and have demand for prolonged life.
Training Classroom Break Time in Class
培 训 教 室 休 息 时 间
2. Contraindications in Healthcare Massage
2.1 A few circumstances to be cautious applying massage
1) When hungry. Due to blood sugar too low may cause shock.
2) Within 1 hour after meal, or when stomach is expanded.
3) After violent sports and extremely tired people, should have rest for a moment then consider massage.
4) Women during menstruation and pregnancy, whose abdomen and lumbaosacral portion manipulations producing strong stimulations should not be applied to. Women been pregnant more than five months, some acupoints like Hegu, Jianjing, Sanyinjiao may causeabortion.
5) Drunken people.
What acupoint is here?
这里是什么穴位？
2.2 Strictly prohibited Range
1) People having high fever
2) Acute infectious diseases patients such as acute hepatitis, active pulmonary tuberculosis.
3) Patients have broken, infected skin, or have severe skin diseases, the local areas injured by dermatosis and focus parts are prohibited to massage.
4) People doubtful having fracture.
5) People have cerebral accident threat.
6) Severe heart disease patients.
7) Mental patient in unstable mood.
8) Patients of hemorrhagic disease or with hemorrhagic tendency such as stomach and intestine ulcer hemorrhage, blood platelet reduction, malignant anemia, leukemia.
9) Malignant tumor and AIDS patients.
10) Extremely weak people.
11) People have other doubtful disease not diagnosed clearly are recommended to go to hospital for overall examination.
Massage Test Waiting Room
按摩考场休息室
3. Introduction of Massage
Applying skills of hands and fingers, move continuously on body skin, muscle tissues to cure disease, this kind of method is called massage therapy.
There are 25 kinds of commonly used manipulations: pushing with one-finger, Mr. Ding’s rolling, kneading, circular rubbing, to-and-fro rubbing, pushing, palm-twisting, wiping, shaking, vibrating, pressing, sweeping, plucking, gripping, chopping, digital-pressing, scraping, grasping, finger-twisting, patting, percussing, rotating, back-carrying, pulling and traction.
Acting principles of massage include balancing yin and yang, regulating the zang-fu organs, dredging the meridians and promoting circulation of qi to activate blood.
Reinforcement and reduction methods of massage are reinforcing and reducing methods with light or heavy manipulations, reinforcing and reducing methods with manipulations of right or left rotation, reinforcing and reducing methods with manipulation along or against the meridians, and reinforcing and reducing methods with to-and-fro manipulation.
Electronic Acupoint-pressing Instrument Massage Technique Parameter Analyzer
电 子 点 穴 仪 按摩手法参数测试仪
Origin of MassageThe word “massage” in English comes from the ancient term – “Muo Suo” in China.
Massage was originated from human beings would instinctively press to stop bleeding and rub to relieve swelling and stop pain when injures such as fractures, contusions and strains happened to them in labor work.
The people of the Yin –shang Dynasty in B.C. 1300 created tuina in the central region in China, equivalent to today's Luoyang area of Henan Province currently.
The book Huangdi Neijing (Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine) in the Qin and Han Dynasties in B.C. 221 – A.D. 220 fully affirmed the therapeutic effect of tuina and held that tuina had the function of promoting qi to activate blood, eliminating cold to stop pain, dredging the meridians and reducing fever to tranquilize the mind.
In Qin Dynasty the famous doctor Bian Que used massage therapy to cure the Guo kingdom prince’ faint disease. In Han Dynasty when Buddhism started to spread into China, the prominent doctor Zhang Zhongjing listed the ointment tuina as one the methods of health care for the first time.
Another famous doctor Hua Tuo promoted the frolics of five animals, which led daoyin (physical and breathing exercises) and tuina close to bionics, and provided a set of effective means of health care for the later generations. He was good at applying ointment massage and the first person to employ y the ointment massage extensively in clinic.
In the Jin and Tang Dynasties in A.D 265-907, the rulers gradually valued tuina therapy. Emperor Tang Taizong set up an Imperial Health Administration with large scale and good facilities, in which there was a tuina department.
Self-tuina was also laid stress on in this period. Many records about methods of self-tuina such as tuina method of ancient India and Laozi Tuina could be found in Ge Hong’s Zhouhou Beijifang (Hanfbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies) and Sun Simiao’s Qianjinfang (Valuable Prescriptions).
The therapeutic indications of tuina were also gradually expanded in this period. For instance, in Tangliudian (Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty) there were records about eight kinds of diseases caused by pathogenic wind, cold, heat, dampness, hunger, overeating, overwork and lack of exercise, which could be treated with tuina.
It was in this period that tuina techniques were introduced into Korea, Japan, India, Europe and some Arabic countries.
Hygene Massage Practice Room Massage Tables in Test Room
保 健 按 摩 实 训 室 考 场 按 摩 床
4. Commonly Used Acupoints
4.1 Acupoints on the Head and Face
4.2 Acupoints on Torso
4.3 Acupoints on the Upper Extremities
4.4 Acupoints on the Lower Extremities
Note: 1 cun equals to the width of the manipulation receiver’s thumb joint, about 2cm, 3 cun equals to the 4 fingers width when the manipulation receiver’s 2nd ~ 5th fingers are putting together, about 6cm.
Human Body Models
人 体 模型
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4.1 Acupoints on the Head and Face
1) Baihui LOCATION: Midpoint of the head top. INDICATIONS: Headache, vertigo and insomnia.
2) Shenting LOCATION: 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline. INDICATIONS: Headache, vertigo, insomnia and nasal obstruction.
3) Yintang LOCATION: At the midpoint of the line between the medial ends of the two eyebrows. INDICATIONS: Headache, insomnia and nasal obstruction.
4) Cuanzhu LOCATION: In the depression on the medial end of the eyebrow. INDICATIONS: Headahce, swelling and pain of eyes.
5) Jingming LOCATION: 0.1 cun lateral to the inner canthus. INDICATIONS: Eyes disease and insomnia.
6) Taiyang LOCATION: Temporal bone part. INDICATIONS: Headache, eyes disease and insomnia.
7) Yingxiang LOCATION: Lateral border of ala nasi. INDICATIONS: Nasal obstruction and face paralysis.
8) Renzhong (Shuigou) LOCATION: On the philtrum. INDICATIONS: coma and face paralysis.
9) Fengchi LOCATION: 1 cun above the posterior hairline. INDICATIONS: Headache, vertigo, pain and stiffness of the neck, stiffness on the neck, eyes disease, common cold and nasal obstruction.
4.2 Acupoints on Torso
1) Danzhong LOCATION: Midpoint of line joining two nipples. INDICATIONS：Chest opression, chest pain, palpitation and dyspnea.
2) Qihai LOCATION: 1.5 cun below the umbilicus. INDICATIONS: Abdominal pain, enuresis, seminal emission, diarrhea, irregular menstruation, weak body due to asthenia depletion.
3) Guanyuan LOCATION: 3 cun below the umbilicus. INDICATIONS: Enuresis, dysuria, seminal emission, impotence, irregular menstruation, dyspepsia, diarrhea, prolapse of the rectum, weak body due to asthenia depletion.
4) Dazhui LOCATION: Below the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra. INDICATIONS: Pain and rigidity of the head and neck, pain in the back, febrile diseases, cough, dyspnea, common cold and yin deficiency fever.
5) Jianjing LOCATION: At the midpoint of the line joining Dazhui and the acromion. INDICATIONS: Pain and rigidity of the neck, pain in the shoulder and back, lacking strength on upper arm.
6) Feishu LOCATION: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 3rd thoracic vertebra. INDICATIONS: Cough and phlegm, asthma and chest pain.
7) Xinshu LOCATION: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra. INDICATIONS: Chest opression, palpitation, arrhythmia, vexation, amnesia, senile dementia and cough.
8) Ganshu LOCATION: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 9th thoracic vertebra. INDICATIONS: Pain in the hypochondriac region, pain in the back along the spinal column and eyes disease.
9) Pishu LOCATION: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra. INDICATIONS: Middle and upper abdominal upset and pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema of the four limbs, poor appetite and pain in the back.
10) Shenshu LOCATION: 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 2rd lumbar vertebra. INDICATIONS: Seminal emission, impotence, enuresis, irregular menstruation, pain in the lower back, tinnitus, edema, asthma and lack of strength in whole body.
11) Baliao LOCATION: Shangliao in the 1st posterior sacral foramen. Ciliao in the 2nd posterior sacral foramen. Zhongliao in the 3rd posterior sacral foramen. Xialiao in the 4th posterior sacral foramen. INDICATIONS: Lumbago, pain in the lumbosacral region, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, seminal emission, impotence, dyschesia, dysuria, atrophy and weak in the lower extremities.
4.3 Acupoints on the Upper Extremities
1) Jianyu LOCATION: When the arm is abducted outward, in the anterior and inferior depression to the acromion. INDICATIONS: Inflamation in the shoulder, disfunction in the shoulder joint, pain in the upper arm, atrophy and weak in the upper limb.
2) Jianliao LOCATION: When the arm is abducted outward, in the posterior and inferior depression to the acromion. INDICATIONS: Inflamation in the shoulder, disfunction in the shoulder joint, pain in the upper arm, atrophy and weak in the upper limb.
3) Jiquan LOCATION: In the center of the axillary fossa. INDICATIONS: Pain in the costal region pain and numb in the upper limb.
4) Quchi LOCATION; At the midpoint of the line joining the radial end of the transverse cubital crease and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. INDICATIONS: Sore throat, pain and numb in the upper arm, abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever.
5) Xiaohai LOCATION: Between the ulna hawk beak and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. INDICATIONS: Pain in elbow and arm, numb in the little finger.
6) Neiguan LOCATION: 2 cun above the transversecrease if the wrist. INDICATIONS: Chest opression, palpitation, middle and upper abdominal upset, vomiting, hiccup, insomnia, pain in the upper limb and numb finger.
7) Waiguan LOCATION: 2 cun baove the transverse crease of the dorsum of the wrist. INDICATIONS: Fever, headache, tinnitus, pain in the hypochondriac region and pain in the upper limb.
8) Hegu LOCATION: On the dorsum of the hand, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones. INDICATIONS: Disease on head, face, eye, ear, nose and throat, sore throat and face paralysis.
9) Laogong LOCATION: Under the tip of the middle finger when a fist is clenched. INDICATIONS: Chest opression, palpitation, and vomiting.
4.4 Acupoints on the Lower Extremities
1) Huantiao LOCATION: On the external side of the butt. INDICATIONS: Lumbago, pain in the leg, weak in the lower limb and hemiparalysis.
2) Weizhong LOCATION: At the midpoint of the popliteal transverse crease. INDICATIONS: Pain in the lower back, lumbago, spasm in muscles behind the thigh, atrophy and weak in the lower limb.
3) Yanglingquan LOCATION: In the depression anterior and inferior to the small head of the fibula. INDICATIONS: Spasm in the muscles, hemiparalysis, swelling and pain in the knee joint, bitter taste in the mouth.
4) Zusanli LOCATION: 3 cun below the lateral border of the patella. INDICATIONS: Gastric and intestine disease, leanness due to asthenia consumption, vertigo, insomnia, pain in the knee joint, pain in the shank and hemiparalysis.
5) Chengshan LOCATION: At the top of the fossa of the belly between the two gastrocnemius muscles. INDICATIONS: Lambago, contracture in the shank, hemorrhoids, constipation, tired and sore in the lower limb muscles.
6) Sanyinjiao LOCATION: 3 cun directly above the tip of the medial malleolus. INDICATIONS: Abdominal pain, abdominal distention, diarrhea, dysmenorrhea, enuresis, dysuria, edema, vertigo, insomnia, irregular menstruation.
7) Taixi LOCATION: In the depression between the tip of the medial malleolus and the tendo calcaneous. INDICATIONS: Dry and sore throat, toothache, tinnitus, irregular menstruation, lumbago and spinal pain.
8) Kunlun LOCATION: In the depression between the tip of the external malleolus and tendo calcaneus. INDICATIONS: Headache, redness, swelling and pain of the eyes, pain and rigidity of the neck, pain in the shoulder, back, lower back and leg, pain in the heel, tired and sore in the lower limb muscles.
9) Taichong LOCATION: On the dorsum of the foot. INDICATIONS: Headache, vertigo, insomnia, conjunctival congestion with swelling and pain, face paralysis and pain in the hypochondriac region.
10) Yongquan LOCATION: When the foot is in plantar flexion, in the depression appearing on the anterior of the sole. INDICATIONS: Headache, conjunctival congestion with swelling and pain, sore throat, insomnia, constipation, dysuria, heat in the middle sole.
1 cun equals to the width of the manipulation receiver’s thumb joint, about 2cm, 3 cun equals to the 4 fingers width when the manipulation receiver’s 2nd ~ 5th fingers are putting together, about 6cm.
按摩知识
一、保健按摩的适应范围
二、保健按摩的禁忌证
三、按摩简介
四、常用穴位
一、保健按摩的适应范围
任何健康者都可以是保健按摩的适应对象。即使患有一些不太严重的小病，同样可以接受保健按摩，不过要注意排除后面所述的禁忌证。
下列人员尤为适宜接受保健按摩：旅游疲劳者，专业运动员，业余运动员和健身爱好者，商务、管理人员等工作紧张的脑力劳动者，有美容和健美要求者，注重生命质量且有延年益寿要求者。
二、保健按摩的禁忌证
1. 慎用按摩的几种情况
1) 饥饿时。由于血糖过低可能导致休克。
2) 饭后1小时内，或腹胀时。
3) 剧烈运动后和极度疲劳者，应休息一段时间后再考虑按摩。
4) 妇女怀孕期和月经期，不宜在其腹部和腰骶部用过重刺激的手法，怀孕五个月以上的孕妇，有些穴位如合谷、肩井、三阴交可能引起流产。
5) 酒醉者。
2. 严禁按摩的范围
1) 高烧发热者。
2) 急性传染病患者，如急性肝炎、活动性肺结核等。
3) 皮肤破损、感染，或有严重的皮肤病患者，其病损局部和病灶部位禁止按摩。
4) 怀疑有骨折者。
5) 有脑血管意外先兆者。
6) 严重的心脏病患者。
7) 精神病情绪不稳定者。
8) 出血性疾病或有出血倾向者，如胃肠溃疡性出血、血小板减少、恶性贫血、白血病等。
9) 恶性肿瘤和艾滋病患者。
10) 极度虚弱者。
11) 有其他诊断不明的可疑病症者，建议到医院做全面检查。
三、按摩简介
运用手、指的技巧，在人体皮肤、肌肉组织上连续动作来治病，这种方法，叫作按摩疗法。
常用手法有二十五种：一指禅推法、丁氏滚法、揉法、摩法、擦法、推法、搓法、抹法、抖法、振法、按法、扫散法、弹拨法、抓法、劈法、点法、刮法、拿法、捻法、拍法、击法、摇法、背法、扳法、拔伸法等法。
按摩的作用原理可概括为平衡阴阳、调和脏腑、疏通经络、行气活血等。按摩补泻有轻重补泻法、左右旋转补泻法、顺逆经补泻法和平补平泻法。
按摩的来历
英语中的massage这个单词来自按摩在中国的古称--“摩挲”。按摩起源于人类在劳动中受到跌仆折骨之类的损伤时，本能地用手按以止血，摩以消肿止痛。
公元前一千三百年殷商王朝的人在我国中央地区现今河南洛阳一带发明了推拿。
公元前221年—公元220年秦汉时期的《黄帝内经》充分肯定了推拿的治疗作用，认为推拿具有行气活血、散寒止痛、疏经通络、退热宁神等作用。秦代名医扁鹊曾用按摩疗法，治疗虢太子的尸厥症。在佛教开始传入中国的汉代，名医张仲景首次将膏摩疗法列为预防保健方法之一。
另一名医华佗倡导“五禽戏”，使导引按摩向仿生学靠拢，为后世提供了一套行之有效的保健方法。其治病善用膏摩，是第一位将膏摩广泛用于临床的医家。
公元265-907年晋唐之际，封建君主逐渐重视推拿疗法，唐太宗建立了规模大、设置完备的太医署，并专门设立了按摩科。
自我推拿在这一时期也得到了广泛的重视，在葛洪《肘后备急方》、孙思邈《千金方》中记载了许多自我推拿的方法，如天竺国按摩法、老子按摩法等。这一时期推拿治疗范围也逐渐扩大，如《唐六典》中记载；推拿可除八疾，即风、寒、暑、湿、饥、饱、劳、逸。
推拿也正是这一时期传入朝鲜、日本、印度、阿拉伯及欧洲。
四、常用穴位
1. 头面部穴位 2. 躯干部穴位 3. 上肢部穴位 4. 下肢部穴位
注：1寸等于受术者拇指指间关节的横度，约2cm，3寸等于受术者第2 ~ 5 指并拢时的4指宽度，约6cm。
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1. 头面部穴位
1) 百会位置：头顶正中。防治：头痛、眩晕、失眠。
2) 神庭 位置：前发际正中直上0.5寸。防治：头痛、眩晕、失眠、鼻塞不通。
3) 印堂位置：两眉头连线的中点。防治：头痛、失眠、鼻塞不通。
4) 攒竹位置：眉头凹陷中。防治：头痛、目赤肿痛。
5) 睛明 位置：目内眦旁0.1寸。防治：目疾、失眠。
6) 太阳 位置：颞部。防治：头痛、目疾、失眠。
7) 迎香位置：鼻翼外缘。防治：鼻塞不通、面瘫。
8) 人中（水沟）位置：人中沟上。防治：昏厥、面瘫。
9) 风池位置：后发际上1寸。防治：头痛、眩晕、颈项强痛、落枕、目疾、感冒、鼻塞。
2. 躯干部穴位
1) 膻中位置：两乳头连线的中点。防治：胸闷、胸痛、心慌、气喘。
2) 气海位置：脐下1.5寸。防治：腹痛、遗尿、遗精、阳痿、腹泻、月经不调、体虚乏力。
3) 关元位置：脐下3寸。防治：遗尿、小便不利、遗精、阳痿、月经不调、消化不良、腹泻、脱肛、体虚乏力。
4) 大椎位置：第7颈椎棘突下。防治：头项强痛、背痛、热病、咳嗽、气喘、感冒、阴虚发热。
5) 肩井位置：大椎与肩峰连线之中点。防治：颈项强痛、肩背痛、上肢无力。
6) 肺俞位置：第3胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。防治：咳嗽痰多、气喘胸痛。
7) 心俞位置：第5胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。防治：胸闷、心慌、心律不齐、心烦、健忘、老年性痴呆、咳嗽。
8) 肝俞位置：第9胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。防治：胁痛、脊背痛、目疾。
9) 脾俞位置：第11胸椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。防治：中上腹不适，疼痛，腹胀，腹泻，四肢水肿，食欲减退，背痛。
10) 肾俞位置：第2腰椎棘突下，旁开1.5寸。防治：遗精、阳痿、遗尿、月经不调、腰痛、耳鸣、水肿、气喘、全身乏力。
11) 八髎位置：上髎在第1骶后孔中。次髎在第2骶后孔中。中髎在第3骶后孔中。下髎在第4骶后孔中。防治：腰痛、腰骶痛、月经不调、痛经、遗精、阳痿、大小便不利、下肢萎软无力。
3. 上肢部穴位
1) 肩髃位置：臂外展时，肩峰前下方凹陷处。防治：肩周炎、肩关节功能障碍、上肢疼痛、上肢萎软无力。
2) 肩髎位置：臂外展时，肩峰后下方凹陷处。防治：肩周炎、肩关节功能障碍、上肢疼痛、上肢萎软无力。
3) 极泉位置：腋窝中央。防治：胁肋痛，上肢疼痛、麻木。
4) 曲池位置：在肘横纹桡侧端与肱骨外上髁连线中点。防治：咽喉肿痛，上肢疼痛、麻木，腹痛，腹泻，发热。
5) 小海位置：在尺骨鹰嘴突与肱骨内上髁之间。防治：肘臂疼痛、小指麻木。
6) 内关位置：腕横纹上2寸。防治：胸闷、心慌、胁痛、中上腹不适、呕吐、呃逆、失眠、上肢疼痛、手指麻木。
7) 外关位置：腕背横纹上2寸。防治：发热、头痛、耳鸣、胁肋痛、上肢疼痛。
8) 合谷位置：手背第1、2掌骨之间。防治：头面五官病症、咽喉肿痛、面瘫。
9) 劳宫位置：握拳，中指尖所指处。防治：胸闷心慌、呕吐。
4. 下肢部穴位
1) 环跳位置：在臀外侧部。防治：腰腿痛、下肢软弱无力、偏瘫。
2) 委中位置：腘横纹中央。防治：下背痛、腰痛、股后肌肉痉挛、下肢萎软无力。
3) 阳陵泉位置：腓骨小头前下方凹陷中。防治：肌肉痉挛、偏瘫、膝关节肿痛、胁肋痛、口苦。
4) 足三里位置：髌骨外缘下3寸。防治：胃肠病、虚劳消瘦、头晕、失眠、膝关节痛、小腿痛、偏瘫。
5) 承山位置：腓肠肌两肌腹之间凹陷的顶端。防治：腰痛、小腿痉挛、痔疮、便秘、下肢肌肉疲劳酸痛。
6) 三阴交位置：内踝高点上3寸。防治：腹痛、腹胀、腹泻、痛经、遗尿、小便不利、水肿、眩晕、失眠、月经不调。
7) 太溪位置：内踝高点与跟腱之间凹陷中。防治：咽喉干痛、呀痛、耳鸣、月经不调、腰脊痛。
8) 昆仑位置：外踝高点与跟腱之间凹陷中。防治：头痛、目赤肿痛、颈项强痛、肩背腰腿痛、脚跟痛、下肢肌肉疲劳酸痛。
9) 太冲位置：足背。防治：头痛、眩晕、失眠、目赤肿痛、面瘫、胁痛。
10) 涌泉位置：卷足时，足底前部凹陷处。防治：头痛、目赤肿痛、咽喉痛、失眠、便秘、小便不利，足心热。
1寸等于受术者拇指指间关节的横度，约2cm，3寸等于受术者第2 ~ 5 指并拢时的4指宽度，约6cm。